Codon Usage Profiling of Chloroplast Genome in Juglandaceae

Juglandaceae (walnut) is made up of several economically and ecologically valuable tree species. Chloroplasts, vitally important for plant growth, are also a rich source genetic evolutionary information. Both mutational pressure natural selection drivers codon usage pattern variation among genes. Here, we studied the chloroplast genomes in order to further our understanding biology evolution this family. The patterns associated with 26 samples were analyzed. Short CDS sequences (<100 amino acids) sequencing containing internal stop codons removed from comparative analyses. contents uracil (U) (31.5%–32.0%) adenine (A) (30.0%–31.2%) all higher than those cytosine (C) (17.2%–17.7%) guanine (G) 19.9%–20.7%. According neutrality correspondence analyses, tended exhibit conserved GC content primarily altered by selection. parity rule 2 plot analysis revealed that AU more common at third-codon position. effective number (ENC) analysis, preference was driven protein translation, other factors. This study represents first examination characteristics plants, as through bias samples.